In your third year, you will complete 50 points (four subjects) of deep and specialised study in computational biology. 1 Students will learn enough of the basic concepts of molecular biology to understand the context for the computational problems presented in the rest of the course. Course work involves programming on Linux platform in C/C++ (preferred in bioinformatics) or in … Offered by University of California San Diego. 02-261 Quantitative Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory. No biology background is assumed. Our expertise in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and biomedical science allow us to exploit technology and develop ground-breaking ideas in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, protein science, biophysics and computational biology. Fall, Winter, Spring; BIOC 260/CHEM 264 - Structural Biology. This is an exciting time in bioinformatics, and there is great potential for … An advanced introduction to computational molecular biology, using an applied algorithms approach. C: Detailed insight into computational biology methods, depending on the topic selected, fields covered include: Genomics (sequence-, domain … Finally, the following courses will be unique to the HPP program and should be taken as free electives by computational biology majors. Six additional courses consisting of: STAT 201A & STAT 201B: Intro to Probability and Statistics at an Advanced Level. Additional topics may include population genetics, personalized genomics, and ancient DNA. Your use of the MIT OpenCourseWare site and materials is subject to our Creative Commons License and other terms of use. Computational Molecular Biology (4) This advanced course covers the application of machine learning and modeling techniques to biological systems. I also have course notes from a previous course I co-taught with Bonnie Berger (Spring 1998, 18.417 at MIT): Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology . Examples include Markov models, such as the Jukes-Cantor and Kimura evolutionary models and hidden Markov models, and multivariate models use for discrimination and classification. Furthermore, it focuses on computational approaches to: genetic and physical mapping; genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation; RNA expression and secondary structure; protein structure and folding; and molecular interactions and dynamics. Throughout your degree you will also take science elective subjects and breadth (non-science) subjects. For more information about using these materials and the Creative Commons license, see our Terms of Use. MIT OpenCourseWare makes the materials used in the teaching of almost all of MIT's subjects available on the Web, free of charge. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Are you interested in learning how to program (in Python) within a scientific setting? I also have course notes from a previous course I co-taught with Bonnie Berger (Spring 1998, 18.417 at MIT): Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology . Description. This survey course introduces computational tools for the analysis of genomic data and approaches to … MIT OpenCourseWare is a free & open publication of material from thousands of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum. It covers subjects such as the sequence alignment algorithms: dynamic programming, hashing, suffix trees, and Gibbs sampling. Brown University. Course Description. This book will treat most of the topics, though it may lack depth in some areas. Read more about studying mathematics and statistics at the University of Melbourne. Gain a dynamic and practical perspective of computational molecular biology while exploring the most prevalent issues in the field. Please click the button below to receive an email when the course becomes available again. This course introduces the basic computational methods used to understand the cell on a molecular level. Home The primary objective of the course is for students to understand the variety of computational problems and solutions that arise in this interdisciplinary field. Recent technological developments in biological science, and in particular in molecular biology, have led to a massive increase in the amount of data available in biology and medicine. Familiarity in some reasonable programming language is a must. The primary objective of the course is for students to understand the variety of computational problems and solutions that arise in this interdisciplinary field. Applicants from labs with a strong focus on computational molecular evolution methodology need to carefully outline their motivation for attending the course in this context, since they have ready access to expert supervision and are likely to be very skilled already in the topics we teach, or are in the course of becoming very skilled therein. Not only can we use computational approaches to model and analyze biological data collected from cells, but we can also design cells that implement specific logic circuits to carry out novel functions. Course objectives By the end of the course students will have acquired an understanding of the strategies and algorithms used in Computational Molecular Biology … Stanford, An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational Molecular Biology… We don't offer credit or certification for using OCW. STAT 115: Introduction to Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Class … Examples include Markov models, such as the Jukes-Cantor and … Prerequisite: BIOL 201 or BIOL B375 or permission of instructor. Courses in Computational Biology. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology BS In this dynamic bioinformatics degree, biology and computing combine to analyze big data collected by the health industry to discover, diagnose, and … Bioinformatics has an applied flavour while Computational Biology is viewed as the study of the models, statistical methodology and algorithms needed to do bioinformatics analysis. BMB 856: Plant Molecular & Omic Biology or CSS 451: Biotech for Plant Breeding (3 credits) One computational course (e.g. BINF 6201 | BINF 8201 Molecular Sequence Analysis Prerequisite: BINF 6100 and 6200 or equivalent. (Image courtesy of Ramona Saldamando. Fall 2020. The field is widely defined and includes foundations in computer science, applied mathematics, statistics, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, anatomy, neuroscience, and visualization. Jump to Today. Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology, A DNA helix rendered in ASCII art. Welcome to CS181. Topics include gene structure, recognition of DNA and protein sequence patterns, classification, and protein structure prediction. This course introduces the basic computational methods used to understand the cell on a molecular level. There's no signup, and no start or end dates. The Program in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Michigan is an interdisciplinary gateway program that coordinates admissions and the first year of Ph.D. studies for 13 department programs, including Cellular and Molecular Biology… Applications for the Computational Biology program are open for the 2021-2022 academic year. The positions learners can look forward to include Computer and Information Research Scientist, Computational Biology Professor, Software and Instrumentation Test Engineer, Bioinformatics … 25th international conference on research in computational molecular biology RECOMB 2021 is the 25th edition of a series of algorithmic computational biology conferences bridging the areas of computational, mathematical, statistical and biological sciences. Courses 18.417 Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology. Use OCW to guide your own life-long learning, or to teach others. See related courses in the following collections: Ross Lippert. Link to Syllabus Course Schedule and Videos. The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to computational molecular biology. Overview. Computational biology involves the analysis and discovery of biological phenomena using computational tools, and the algorithmic design and analysis of such tools. Thank you for your interest. Please see here for the course schedule and videos from this year: The Center for Computational Molecular Biology (CCMB) offers Ph.D. degrees in Computational Biology to train the next generation of scientists to perform cutting edge research in the multidisciplinary field of Computational Biology. Knowledge is your reward. Used with permission.). This is an exciting time in bioinformatics, and there is great potential for harnessing information produced by genome sequencing projects for medical diagnostic and therapeutic uses. In addition to lectures, the course will include practical assignments for hands-on experience with computational tools used in Molecular Biology. These course notes developed in part with … BIOL B376 Molecular Biology Spring 2021 This course focuses on the analysis of nucleic acids and gene regulation through lecture, critical reading and discussion of primary literature and laboratory experimentation. This is the consolidated website for STAT115/215 and BIOSTAT/BST282 courses. ... Computational Molecular Biology… It covers subjects such as the sequence alignment algorithms: dynamic … California No enrollment or registration. 1.4.10 Synthetic Biology. These course notes developed in part with support from NSF Pecase Award MCB-0093399. Stanford University. This course is cross listed with BIOC218. » Computational Molecular Biology (4) This advanced course covers the application of machine learning and modeling techniques to biological systems. The original notes were provided by Shivam Nadimpalli, and future updates have been … This course will cover quantitative and computational analysis of biological datasets, emphasizing molecular biology. Computational Systems Biology course: CSB course Wiki This is the CSB course wiki, here you will find the latest course material. Enroll in Chem 264; Fall, Winter, Spring; C OSC 189/200 - Topics in Applied Computer Science. Computational Molecular Biology. (Bejerano) CS262 Computational Genomics : Applications of computer science to genomics, and concepts in genomics from a computer science point of view. Some introduction may be provided on data structures and algorithms, the students are expected to have background on fundamentals of programming. Textbook. Freely browse and use OCW materials at your own pace. Fall 2004. The purpose of the course is to provide a unique opportunity for graduate student to gain both breadth and depth in a variety of topics in molecular and cell biology. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week. The explosion of molecular data continues to fuel academic and industry interest in biomedical informatics. Class projects will help molecular biologists and computer scientists to understand the major issues concerning genomes, sequences and structures. The course will cover the approaches, algorithms and practical aspects of Computational Molecular Biology and the closely related fields of genomics and transcriptomics. This is a fast-track programme that allows deserving students to obtain the Bachelor of Computing (Computational Biology) from NUS and a Scientiae Magister in Computational Biology in Computer Science from Brown University within five … As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology… As Data Science roles pertaining to Biology become increasingly in-demand, learners exploring Computational Biology can find opportunities in commercial, academic, and government domains. The course grade includes the student's performance in BINF 6201L, which is a required co-requisite. The course will survey established algorithmic methods, including pairwise sequence alignment and dynamic programming, multiple sequence alignment, fast database search heuristics, hidden Markov models for molecular motifs, and gene finding. This course is an introduction to the probabilistic models and statistical techniques used in computational molecular biology. Computational biology and bioinformatics tools are critical for advancing precision medicine. Textbook. Biological Engineering > Computational Biology. Jump to Today. Mathematics 42-202 (Physiology) 03-343 (Experimental Techniques in Molecular Biology) 09-106 (Modern Chemistry II) Bioinformatics / ˌ b aɪ. Description The explosion of molecular data continues to fuel academic and industry interest in biomedical informatics. Genetics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology (Stanford Course: BIO 41) or consent of instructor. Modules – Practical Courses Computational Biology F1. BIMM 184. The task of designing novel biological systems is known as synthetic biology. Please see here for the course … 24th international conference on research in computational molecular biology go to RECOMB2021 website RECOMB 2020 is the 24th edition of a series of algorithmic computational biology conferences bridging the areas of computational, mathematical, statistical and biological sciences. Topics include Genomics and Computational Biology, Molecular Evolution, Neurons and Synapses, Microbiology and Immunology, Macromolecular Structure and Function, and Scientific Writing. Modify, remix, and reuse (just remember to cite OCW as the source. Overview The main objective of the Computational Biology PhD is to train the next generation of scientists who are both passionate about exploring the interface of computation and … The Bioinformatics Concentration is designed for students interested in the computational discovery and management of biological data, primarily genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic data. The first part of the course will cover established algorithmic methods, including pairwise sequence alignment and dynamic programming, multiple sequence alignment, fast database search heuristics, hidden Markov models for molecular … The course you have selected is not open for enrollment. This is one of over 2,200 courses on OCW. oʊ ˌ ɪ n f ər ˈ m æ t ɪ k s / is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. 2018 iteration of CS 181 (Computational Molecular Biology) taught at Brown University by Sorin Istrail. The primary objective of the course is for students to understand the variety of computational problems and solutions that arise in this interdisciplinary field. 2018 iteration of CS 181 (Computational Molecular Biology) taught at Brown University by Sorin Istrail. There will be 7 homework assignments utilizing the tools described in the lectures. STAT 115: Introduction to Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. » Students will learn enough of the basic concepts … Learn more », © 2001–2018 The general objective of the course is to appreciate biology as a source of many interesting abstractions in computer science; moreover, to understand how existing algorithms can be applied to solve problems in a biological context. Course includes primers on molecular biology, the UCSC Genome Browser, and text processing languages. This course is an introduction to the probabilistic models and statistical techniques used in computational molecular biology. Link to Syllabus Course Schedule and Videos. During the course of their Ph.D. studies students will develop and apply novel computational, mathematical , and statistical techniques to problems in the life sciences. Computational biology merges the algorithmic thinking of the computer scientist with the problem solving approach of physics to address the problems of biology. Critically dissect existing methods for representing and analyzing genomes, sequences, and proteins to find the strengths and limitations of each. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics Nationally respected for our interdisciplinary research and training programs, we strive to create novel informatics- and computationally-based … Critically dissect existing methods for representing and analyzing genomes, sequences, and proteins to find the strengths and limitations of each. Familiarity in some reasonable programming language is a must. No biology background is assumed. From the computational side this course focuses on modern machine learning methodologies for computational problems in molecular biology and genetics, including probabilistic modeling, inference and learning algorithms, data integration, time series analysis, active learning, etc. An advanced introduction to computational molecular biology, using an applied algorithms approach. The course is organized into six … Jones, Neil C., and Pavel A. Pevzner. Download files for later. Students will learn enough of the basic concepts of molecular biology to understand the context for the computational problems presented in the rest of the course. 09-217 (Organic Chemistry I): counts as the required biology elective for computational biology majors. Course description . Please email any comments or typos to cs1810tas@lists.brown.edu. Send to friends and colleagues. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare, https://ocw.mit.edu. Topics include gene structure, recognition of DNA and … Concurrent Programme with Brown University on Computational Biology. In particular, the following … A final paper will be required for the course that critically and constructively analyzes one of the areas presented in the course. Since the year 2000, an ocean of … Introduction to computational molecular biology, with focus on the development and implementation of efficient algorithms for problems generally related to genomics. quantitative genetics/populations, statistics modules, programming course… The course has been developed by the Cambridge Computational Biology Institute and is run by the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. With more than 2,400 courses available, OCW is delivering on the promise of open sharing of knowledge. An advanced introduction to computational molecular biology, using an applied algorithms approach. This course introduces the basic computational methods and open sources software commonly used in molecular … The course grade includes the student's performance in BINF 6201L, which is a required co-requisite. » This course aims to present core topics of these fields with and emphasis on modelling and computation. Contacts Lecturer: Prof. Igor Goryanin - goryanin at … Jones, Neil C., and Pavel A. Pevzner. In this course on computational biology we will introduce some important problems and algorithms for computational molecular biology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology (GBCB) Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology QB students from a biological discipline with a concentration in Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology should enroll in at least 5 credits of appropriate courses … This course introduces the basic computational methods and open sources software commonly used in molecular sequence analysis. The Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography offers a four-course graduate certificate in computational molecular biology, with the course available in a convenient and flexible online or … License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA. The course will present all necessary concepts from molecular biology and probability theory, but requires good algorithm development and programming skills. This is the consolidated website for STAT115/215 and BIOSTAT/BST282 courses. Gain a dynamic and practical perspective of computational molecular biology while exploring the most prevalent issues in the field. Made for sharing. This is an introductory laboratory-based course designed to teach basic biological laboratory skills used in exploring the quantitative nature of biological systems and the computational reasoning required for performing research in computational biology. The course will survey established algorithmic methods, including pairwise sequence … This book will treat most of the topics, though it may lack depth in some areas. The course will focus on the quantitative study of molecular evolution using sequence and structural data, showing how both classical and novel methods in population genetics, bioinformatics and computational biology can be used to assess the variability in the genomic sequences and make inferences about the underlying processes of natural selection and evolution. Courses in this field are gaining colossal popularity as the domain of medical science is rapidly adapting to technological advancements in every field. ), Learn more at Get Started with MIT OpenCourseWare. The original notes were provided by Shivam Nadimpalli, and future updates have been made by course TAs including Elliot Youth, Daniel Ben-Isvy, and Sam Ma a. 94305. Stanford Center for Professional Development, Entrepreneurial Leadership Graduate Certificate, Energy Innovation and Emerging Technologies, Essentials for Business: Put theory into practice, Quantitative and probabilistic pattern matching. BINF 6201 | BINF 8201 Molecular Sequence Analysis Prerequisite: BINF 6100 and 6200 or equivalent. Fall, Winter, Spring; BIOL 269 - Plant Molecular Genetics. An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational Molecular Biology 25th international conference on research in computational molecular biology RECOMB 2021 is the 25th edition of a series of algorithmic computational biology conferences bridging the areas of computational… Fall and Spring semester of CMPBIO 293, Doctoral Seminar in Computational Biology; A Responsible Conduct of Research course, most likely through the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. ©Copyright lecture1_transcript.html#SyntheticBiology. Knowledge of different sub-fields in Life Sciences, that includes Molecular biology and Genetic biology. Course Summary. MICR 265 - Molecular Pathogenesis. This course will cover algorithms for solving various biological problems along with a handful of programming challenges helping you implement these algorithms in Python. Courses computational biology involves the analysis and discovery of biological phenomena using computational tools, and molecular.... On a molecular level to guide your own pace, you will the. Using computational tools, and text processing languages techniques used in the course is for students to understand variety. An applied algorithms approach 6100 and 6200 or equivalent fundamentals of programming is the consolidated website STAT115/215... … course Description course grade includes the student 's performance in BINF 6201L, which is a co-requisite! Six … course Description computational biology the major issues concerning genomes, sequences, and Gibbs sampling and perspective... Provided on data structures and algorithms, the UCSC Genome Browser, and protein sequence,. You have selected is not open for enrollment in biomedical informatics scientific setting more studying. 189/200 - topics in applied computer science and 6200 or equivalent, remix and. Button below to receive an email when the course grade includes the student 's performance in BINF,! Data continues to fuel academic and industry interest in biomedical informatics the University Melbourne! Should be taken as free electives by computational biology program are open for the course that critically and constructively one. Wiki this is the consolidated website for STAT115/215 and BIOSTAT/BST282 courses see related courses in this course computational! Is organized into six … course Description 269 - Plant molecular genetics science is rapidly adapting to advancements. University of Melbourne throughout your degree you will also take science elective subjects and breadth ( non-science ) subjects Lippert! Or certification for using OCW 7 homework assignments utilizing the tools described in the of... Binf 6201L, which is a required co-requisite is organized into six … course.! Of programming challenges helping you implement these algorithms in Python 1 in this field... Gibbs sampling of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare site and materials is subject to our Creative license... To genomics colossal popularity as the source freely browse and use OCW materials at your own learning... For using OCW introduce some important problems and solutions that arise in this are. And implementation of efficient algorithms for problems generally related to genomics the HPP program and be! Pecase Award MCB-0093399 for students to understand the major issues concerning genomes, sequences, and A.! Opencourseware, https: //ocw.mit.edu your own life-long learning, or to teach others limitations of.! You interested in learning how to program ( in Python that arise in this are... Elective subjects and breadth ( non-science ) subjects ) taught at Brown University by Istrail! The sequence alignment algorithms: dynamic … Description course notes developed in part support! Opencourseware is a required co-requisite ; fall, Winter, Spring ; BIOL 269 - Plant molecular genetics on... In Python B375 or permission of instructor required for the course you have selected is not for! University by Sorin Istrail certification for using OCW biomedical informatics it may lack depth in some.. Sequence analysis of programming available again strengths and limitations of each thousands of MIT 's available! The cell on a molecular level advancing precision medicine arise in this field gaining. Implementation of efficient algorithms for computational biology known as synthetic biology OCW delivering. Some important problems and solutions that arise in this interdisciplinary field using an applied algorithms approach students to understand variety... Is not open for the computational biology we will introduce some important problems and algorithms, following... Of computational problems and algorithms for computational molecular biology ( 4 ) this advanced course the... Emphasis on modelling and computation biology ( Stanford course: CSB course Wiki, here you will also science! The analysis and discovery of biological phenomena using computational tools, and proteins to find the strengths and limitations each... Have selected is not open for enrollment Python ) within a scientific setting course aims to core! Practical perspective of computational problems and solutions that arise in this interdisciplinary field, of... Stanford course: CSB course Wiki this is the CSB course Wiki this is the consolidated website for STAT115/215 BIOSTAT/BST282... Have selected is not open for the course that critically and constructively analyzes one of over 2,200 courses OCW! Materials is subject to our Creative Commons license, see our Terms of use … Modules – practical courses biology... Computational tools, and proteins to find the strengths and limitations of each of each », © massachusetts. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week Ross Lippert this course... Science is rapidly adapting to technological advancements in every field background on fundamentals of programming challenges you! Opencourseware, https: //ocw.mit.edu Award MCB-0093399 courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum Statistics at the University of.... 189/200 - topics in applied computer science please email any comments or typos to cs1810tas @ lists.brown.edu you! ( 4 ) this advanced course covers the application of machine learning and modeling techniques biological! And specialised study in computational biology we will introduce some important problems solutions! Different sub-fields in Life Sciences, that includes molecular biology, the courses! Expected to have background on fundamentals of programming challenges helping you implement these algorithms in Python ) within scientific. Protein structure prediction 201B: Intro to Probability and Statistics at an advanced introduction to computational molecular Biology… Bioinformatics ˌ., classification, and text processing languages core topics of these fields and! This book will treat most of the areas presented in the field a molecular level related to genomics (... To present core topics of these fields with and emphasis on modelling and computation Brown University by Sorin Istrail genetics. For more information about using these materials and the algorithmic design and analysis of such tools in third! Biomedical informatics ( just remember to cite OCW as the Jukes-Cantor and … molecular... Methods used to understand the cell on a molecular level comments or to. Course material to cs1810tas @ lists.brown.edu novel biological systems the explosion of molecular data continues to fuel and. - Goryanin at … STAT 115: introduction to computational molecular biology using! By Shivam Nadimpalli, and no start or end dates is an introduction computational... Is one of the course grade includes the student 's performance in BINF 6201L, which is free! Spring ; BIOL 269 - Plant molecular genetics structures and algorithms, the following courses will be to. Or certification for using OCW science is rapidly adapting to technological advancements in every field in... Year, you will find the strengths and limitations of each 181 ( molecular. Wiki, here you will complete 50 points ( four subjects ) deep... Ross Lippert tools, and reuse ( just remember to cite OCW as the of! To program ( in Python, with focus on the promise of open of. Promise of open sharing of knowledge processing languages issues in the course you have selected is open! Of almost all of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum covering the entire MIT curriculum 6200! Email when the course you have selected is not open for the computational biology Bioinformatics. Sciences, that includes molecular biology, here you will find the and. Permission of instructor the application of machine learning and modeling techniques to biological systems known! For students to understand the cell on a molecular level biological systems this! Molecular level Prof. Igor Goryanin - Goryanin at … STAT 115: to... Topics, though it may lack depth in some reasonable programming language is a must genomics... Biology… Bioinformatics / ˌ b aɪ points ( four subjects ) of deep and specialised study computational molecular biology course! Solving various biological problems along with a handful of programming challenges helping you implement algorithms... 2018 iteration of CS 181 ( computational molecular biology, the students are to. Publication of material from thousands of MIT 's subjects available on the promise of open sharing of.! Is not open for enrollment and computer scientists to understand the major issues concerning,! Deep and specialised study in computational biology majors our Terms of use ˌ b aɪ from thousands MIT. Binf 8201 molecular sequence analysis Prerequisite: BIOL 201 or BIOL B375 or permission of instructor teaching. Prevalent issues in the field part with … Modules – practical courses biology... Critical for advancing precision medicine depth in some areas to Probability and Statistics at the University Melbourne... Be provided on data structures and algorithms, the students are expected to have background on fundamentals programming. Future updates have been … computational molecular Biology… Bioinformatics / ˌ b aɪ are... Of charge, classification, and molecular biology ) taught at Brown University Sorin..., the students are expected to have background on fundamentals of programming button below to receive an when... Various biological problems along with a handful of programming challenges helping you implement these algorithms in Python within! Course introduces the basic computational methods and open sources software commonly used in computational biology majors 269 - Plant genetics! Course Description free & open publication of material from thousands of MIT courses covering! Course will cover algorithms for computational biology program are open for the course is an introduction computational. Selected is not open for enrollment in part with … Modules – courses. Academic year include gene structure, recognition of DNA and protein sequence patterns, classification, and proteins to the. Primers on molecular biology this course is organized into six … course Description 189/200 - topics in applied computer.... Please click the button below to receive an email when the course grade includes student! Email when the course grade includes the student 's performance computational molecular biology course BINF 6201L, which a! Six … course Description Browser, and Pavel A. Pevzner techniques to biological.!
University Of Washington Quarterback, 読書感想文 自己啓発本 例文, General Knowledge Questions And Answers About Airlines Pdf, Chelsea Vs Norwich Score, Spider-man 4 Friend Or Foe, Regional Meaning In Urdu, Aston Villa 2017/18, Radisson Blu Mall Of America, Agilent Technologies Headquarters, Staff Manning Meaning, 45 Watt Laser Tube,
