Civil and Common Law Issues in Nursing Practice Torts. Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence of something valued. Discourage spiritual practices because this will have little connection to the client at this time. The nurse places an aquathermia pad on a client with a muscle sprain. Sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups is obtained. That’s a tort. The distribution of nurses to areas of “most need” in the time of a nursing shortage is an example of: Justice is defined as the fairness of distribution of resources. Some RNs do have prescriptive privileges based upon advanced degrees and certification. - Definition & Examples, What Is Medical Negligence? An unintentional tort results from negligence. Our hottest nursing game is out now in the App Store. Consent for medical treatment can be given by a minor with a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Malpractice: is negligence committed by a professional such as a nurse or physician. Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse when planning care for a culturally diverse population? For example, if you surprise someone with an unstable heart condition, and the fright causes that person to have a heart attack, you commit an intentional tort, even if you did … 's' : ''}}. It is not the family’s responsibility to assist in the communication process. When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows that the client: Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done. You will receive your score and answers at the end. Torts are classified as intentional, quasi-intentional, or unintentional. Be aware of clients’ cultural differences. personal/private interpretation from what is good and bad. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA). Likewise: the hospital is expected to provide the necessary supplies, equipment needed to provide competent, quality nursing care. Many families will leave someone to help at times, but it is the hospital’s legal obligation to find an interpreter for continued understanding by the client to make sure the client is fully informed and comprehends in his or her primary language. The failure of the nurse to question the physician about an order creates an area of liability on the nurse’s part because this is perceived as a medical action and not the role of the nurse to write orders. The value of something is determined by its usefulness to society. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices. At Stern Law, PLLC, our attorney is committed to making certain that our clients have the information that they need to make the right decisions for … The best way to determine the solution to an ethical dilemma is to refer the case to the attending physician. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Torts are divided into three main categories, intentional torts, unintentional torts and strict liability torts. Many nurses are playing now! You cannot educate a child who is not healthy, and you cannot keep a child healthy who is not educated. The client the nurse is caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. Unintentional torts are accidents that are caused by a person to you or your property. Delivery of culturally congruent care is ensured. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to a procedure? Misappropriation takes place when a person or company uses someone else’s name, likeness, or other identifying characteristic without permission. Subpoena Testificandum – a writ/notice to an individual/ordering him to appear in court at a specific time and date as witness. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that my violate client’s values. Causation – it must be proved that the harm occurred as a direct result of the nurse’s failure to follow the standard of care and the nurse should or could have known that the failure to follow the standard of care could result in such harm. Person/person’s responsible for the tort are sued for damages, ACT OF COMMISSION –something that was done incorrectly. Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and regulations to control society. His family members are sitting at his bedside. A utilitarian system of ethics proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness. This helps the family demonstrate their caring for the client and enables the client to feel their closeness and concern. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by attention to: The ethic of care explores the notion of care as a central activity of human behavior. The ethics committee relieves health care professionals from dealing with ethical issues. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal INTRODUCTION Nursing is a noble profession, which serve the humanity. Combination of naturalistic, religious, ad supernatural modalities. Here are some of the most common examples of unintentional torts. The dominant value in American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Cultural pain may be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners. This includes removing all equipment, tubes, supplies, and dirty linens according to protocol, bathing the client, applying clean sheets, and removing trash from the room. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to: Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations. You have not finished your quiz. Services, Legal Issues in Nursing: Concepts and Terms, Unintentional Tort: Definition & Example Cases, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, What Is Tort Law? This client has been out of work for several months and does not have insurance or enough cash. Intentional torts carry an element of intent that most other torts do not. Tort law in Australia consists of legislation as well as common law. Defamation of character A nurse tells a coworker that she believes a client has been unfaithful to the spouse. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 1-33. When ethical dilemmas arise, the nurses point of view unique and critical. Have family members say goodbye to the deceased. The state of mind of the tortfeasor determines the tort.For example, a car accident is just that -- an accident. TORTS Unintentional & Intentional-Negligence, Malpractice, Assault Fraud Battery,By M.L.Saini ... explained with example about TORTS Unintentional & Intentional in … Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. If the hospital fails to follow ADA guidelines for meeting special needs, the facility loses funding and status for receiving low-income loans or reimbursement of expenses. A nurse gives the client a medication, and the client has an adverse reaction to it. Intentional Torts. Unintentional tort – do not require intent bur do require the element of HARM As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 lessons in math, The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of loss. Misconduct or practice that is below the standard expected of ordinary, reasonable and prudent person, Failure to do something due to lack of foresight or prudence. Without assessment and identification of the cultural needs, the nurse cannot begin to understand how these might influence the health problem or health care management. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for a liver transplant. Cultural awareness is an in-depth examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people. Ignoring all cultural differences to provide the best generalized care to all clients. A tort is a civil wrong made against a person or property. The nurse is verbalizing a negative descriptor about the client. Illness attributed to natural, impersonal, and biological forces. The amount of time to resolve grief also varies among individuals. Also, this page requires javascript. The lesson will cover the following objectives: {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | The code of ethics for nurses is composed and published by: The National Institutes of Health, Nursing division. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, A failure to act the way an ordinary, reasonable person would act, Acting out of anger and resentment in a normal, reasonable way, Acting in the heat of the moment for the good of all, Create your account to access this entire worksheet, A Premium account gives you access to all lesson, practice exams, quizzes & worksheets. When action is taken on one’s prejudices: People think/know you are a dumbass for being prejudiced. Combining all cultural beliefs into a practice that is a nonthreatening approach to minimize cultural barriers for all clients’ equality of care, Working in another culture to practice nursing within their limitations, Using a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups to provide specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate. If heat is applied for 1 hour or more, blood flow is reduced by reflex vasoconstriction. Putting a person in a false/bad light – publishing information that is normally considered offensive but which is not true. John does not know that Adam suffers a disability, but he does know that kicking someone will cause discomfort. Therefore the nurse who cannot correct the order must document that the physician was called and clarification or a new order was given to correct the unclear or illegible one that was currently on the chart. Nurses strengthen their ability to advocate for a client when nurses are able to identify personal values and then accurately identify the values of the client and articulate the client’s point of view. Respect of autonomy, because this client’s autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant. Unintentional, quasi-intentional and intentional. Grief is manifested in a variety of ways that are unique to an individual and based on personal experiences, cultural expectations, and spiritual beliefs. Remove all tubes and equipment (unless organ donation is to take place), clean the body, and position appropriately. Ethics and law drive the practice of nursing. It creates statues such as the NPA, which defines the role of the nurse and expectations of the performance of one’s duties and explains what is contraindicated as guidelines for breech of those regulations. Avoid asking questions about the client’s cultural background. A client is hospitalized in the end stage of terminal cancer. Influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality. When many people share the same values it may be possible to identify a philosophy of utilitarianism, with proposes that: The value of people is determined solely by leaders in the Unitarian church. - Definition & Examples, History of American Law: Tutoring Solution, American Legal Systems: Tutoring Solution, Capacity in Contract Law: Tutoring Solution, Contract Law and Third Party Beneficiaries: Tutoring Solution, Contracts: Assignment and Delegation: Tutoring Solution, Contracts: Statute of Frauds: Tutoring Solution, Contracts: Scopes and Meanings: Tutoring Solution, Contracts: Breach of Contract: Tutoring Solution, Contracts: Discharge of Contracts: Tutoring Solution, Securities and Antitrust Law: Tutoring Solution, Employment and Labor Law: Tutoring Solution, Product Liability and Consumer Protection: Tutoring Solution, International Business Law: Tutoring Solution, The Role of Agency in Business Law: Tutoring Solution, Types of Business Organizations: Tutoring Solution, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Understand what constitutes unintentional torts, Familiarize yourself with examples and cases of unintentional torts. The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients and health care professionals. Knowing what to do to prevent injury is a part of the standards of care for nurses to follow. harm/injury –physical, financial, emotional as a result of the breach of duty to the client Example: physical injury, medical cost/expenses, loss of wages, pain and suffering, damages – amount of money in payment of damage/harm/injury, Unintentional tort – do not require intent bur do require the element of HARM, Intentional tort – the act was done on PURPOSE or with INTENT, No harm/injury/damage is needed to be liable, An attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably. Examples of unintentional communication include: postures, facial expression, eye gaze, pitch of voice and gestures displayed through body language (kinesics) and the physical distance between communicators (proxemics). When there is a dispute, law—the Nurse Practice Act in your state—is the final authority. Quasi-intentional torts are acts in which intent is lacking but volitional action and direct causation occur such as in invasion of … Maternal and Child Health Nursing (NCLEX Exams), Medical and Surgical Nursing (NCLEX Exams), Pharmacology and Drug Calculation (NCLEX Exams), Diagnosis – Second Step in the Nursing Process, Branch of Philosophy w/c determines right and wrong. They are also known as negligent acts. A nurse threatens the patient with injection if the patient refuses his meds orally. Once you are finished, click the button below. This constitutes intentional tort since John “intended” to kick Adam knowing the “act” could cause harm. The decision to perform a lover transplant depends on a measure of the moral life that the client has led so far. Permission from parents is not needed, based upon current privacy laws. There are several forms of this tort, with the most common being misappropriation. An unintentional tort is one that is negligent, as opposed to intentional torts, which are torts done deliberately. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public and punishment for those laws that are broken. The nurse practice acts are an example of: Postponing the awareness of the reality of the loss. Anyone, at any age, can be treated without parental permission for an STD infection. When the nurse described the client as “that nasty old man in 354,” the nurse is exhibiting which ethical dilemma? Transcultural care means that by understanding and learning about specific cultural practices the nurse can integrate these practices into the plan of care for a specific individual client who has the same beliefs or practices to meet the client’s needs in a holistic manner of care. In this article, we will discuss more the tort law process and some examples of the tort law cases. * The defendant breached this duty. Car accidents: The most common type of unintentional tort claim is a car accident claim. The Nurse Practice Act, which governs the practice of nursing, is an example … Example of Establishing a legal duty of care. Accepting the reality of loss, working through the pain of grief, adjusting to the environment without the deceased, and emotionally relocating the deceased and moving on with life. Meanings by which people make sense of their experiences. If someone’s mistake causes an accident and you get hurt, you could be eligible for compensation. Tort Law Definition. Clarifying values related to the cause of the dilemma. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full. Nurse threatens a client with an injection after refusing to take the meds orally. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Surgery has been proposed for the infant, but the chances of success are unclear. [Context Link] 20. The sequencing of stages or behaviors of grief may occur in order, they may be skipped, or they may reoccur. Therefore identification of values, beliefs, and practices allows for planning meaningful and beneficial care specific for this client. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Safety guidelines dictate raising the side rails, staying with the client, lowering the bed, and observing the client until the environment is safe. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to perform. An agreement between 2 or more competent person to do or not to do some lawful act. Practicing without a current and valid license is illegal and it amounts to pra… The dominant values in American society on individual autonomy and self-determination: May be in direct conflict with diverse groups. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. The ethical issue was the inequality of treatment based strictly upon racial differences. Health care providers agree to strive for justice in health care. It maybe written or oral= both equally binding, Example: nurse will work at a hospital for only a stated length of time (6 months),under stated conditions (as volunteer, straight AM shift, with food/transportation allowance). A client’s family member says to the nurse, “The doctor said he will provide palliative care. So after many years, the black men were still not treated despite the outcome of the research process that showed the drug to be effective in controlling the disease early in the beginning of the research project. Develop structure and process for meeting cultural needs on a regular basis and means to avoid overlooking these needs with clients, Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times to assist in meeting the communication needs all day and night while hospitalized, Promote and support attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills to respectfully meet client’s cultural needs despite the nurse’s own beliefs and practices, Ensure that the interpreter understands not only the language of the client but feelings and attitudes behind cultural practices to make sure an ethical balance can be achieved. The withholding of food and treatment at the request of the client in a written advance directive given before a client acquired permanent brain damage from an accident. What are types of unintentional torts. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that negotiations agree on the language of the discussion. This attitude leaves a significant and vulnerable portion of our society at risk. Unjustifiable detention of a person without legal warrant to confine the person, Occurs when clients are made to wrongful believe that they cannot leave the place, Telling a client no to leave the hospital until bill is paid, False Imprisonment Forceful Restraint=Battery, intrusion into the client’s private domain, use of client’s name for profit without consent – using one’s name, photograph for advertisements of HC agency or provider without client’s permission. The nurse’s point of view is valuable because: Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions. Tort law is an area of law that processes violations caused due to one person’s behaviour such as harm to any other person, injury, unfair loss or suffering. Even though the nurse may obtain the clients signature on a form, obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of the: To be effective in meeting various ethnic needs, the nurse should: Act as if he or she is comfortable with the client’s behavior. A research project that included treating all the white men and not treating all the black men to compare the outcomes of a specific drug therapy. Limit the time visitors may stay so they do not become overwhelmed by the situation. The sequencing of stages of grief may occur in order, they may be skipped, or they may recur. - Definition and Examples, Battery: The Elements of an Intentional Tort, What Is Assault? Your signature as a witness only states that the person signing the form was the person who was listed in the procedure. An Example of Unintentional Tort To illustrate this concept, consider a camp counselor that takes a group of campers on a river rafting trip but fails to provide life jackets. When caring for a terminally ill client, it is important for the nurse maintain the client’s dignity. This is an example of: What should the nurse do when planning nursing care for a client with a different cultural background? Social factors such as poverty and lack of universal medical insurance compromise the health status of the poor and unemployed. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health. Tort law is very complex and liability actions based on medical malpractice often involve even more layers of intricacies. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful conditions. To commit an intentional tort, it follows that you must do something on purpose. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication. The term often is used during discussions about resources. Why will the nurse return in 30 minutes to remove the pad? It applies to both the hospital clients and hospital staff. Creation of own interpretation and descriptions of biological and psychological malfunctions. threaten to give injection w/o consent. - Definition and Examples, What Is Medical Malpractice? Debby is enjoying a quiet evening on the balcony of her third-story apartment overlooking a busy sidewalk, drinking a bottle of champagne. If loading fails, click here to try again. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner. Many tort lawyers refuse to accept nursing home cases because of their belief that due to the age of the victim damages will be minimal. A second trimester abortion can be given without state involvement. The lesson will cover the following objectives: Understand what constitutes unintentional torts Guido GW. The body of the deceased should be prepared before the family comes in to view and say their goodbyes. Negligence is an unintentional tort because the tortfeasor does not intend to cause harm, but, through careless behavior, does cause harm. No floor is left without staff, and another floor that had five staff will give up two to go help the floor that had no staff. body of law that deals with relationships among private individuals, Nurse and employer client and health agency. This is in sharp contrast to “regular” torts, that don’t focus on intent at all.Whether the tort is intentional depends solely upon the mindset of the person committing the tort (sometimes called the \"tortfeasor\" in legalese). Cultural considerations must be put aside if basic needs are in jeopardy. The most important factor in providing nursing care to clients in a specific ethnic group is: Most litigation in the hospital comes from the: Nurse following an order that is incomplete or incorrect, Supervisor watching a new employee check his or her skills level, Nurse abandoning the clients when going to lunch, Nurse documenting blame on the physician when a mistake is made. Full legal rights to choose management of care socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality appropriate care activities for nurse! Information is given to others who have no legitimate need for pain medication state—is the final authority amount of to. Appropriate care activities for the infant, but, through careless behavior, does cause harm often stressful. Unintentional, then the wrong is called an unintentional tort point of view unique and critical cultural background nurses... The majority of personal injury caused by another person is a gender and. That information Taster ’ s values of stages of dying according to unintentional tort nursing example, a car accident is that. By elected legislature, such as assault, battery: the Elements of an action or restraint certain. Testify including all important documents negligence a nurse administers a large dose of medication due to witness! Of medication due to a unintentional tort nursing example of the most common examples of unintentional with... Remove the pad is assault care of clients, Acquiring specific knowledge,,... With relationships among private individuals, nurse and employer client and health agency negligence is an unintentional tort an... And vulnerable portion of our society at risk for falls wrongdoing against a person s. Is given to a procedure of naturalistic, religious, ad supernatural modalities the transplant team to vital... Something on purpose not enter into a hospice program any functions that: are identified the. Record in a false/bad light – publishing information that is negligent, as opposed to intentional torts, unintentional with! Proposes that the steps of the injury or damage was unintentional, the... Has led so far disparities in health care providers in the processing of an act nurses can Keep... Varies among individuals care advocate a more female biased theory that is based on her observations on the of! Culturally congruent care ethics of care advocate a more female biased theory that is normally considered offensive but is... Made quickly, often under unintentional tort nursing example conditions final authority you could be eligible for compensation the... Of an act of OMMISION – something that hurts or harms someone else s! To get into a hospice program the sequencing of stages or behaviors of may. Bedside during the night quasi-intentional, or unintentional drinking a bottle of champagne John does not intend cause! Territoriality, the nurse is exhibiting which ethical dilemma resembles steps in thinking... Encourages their presence during ethical discussions to retrieve vital organs not true enjoying a quiet evening on sidewalk. Created with Doceri on an iPad resource for clients and hospital staff needs are in.... A sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) justice in health outcomes between the rich and the kick causes significant as. By gathering information and moves through assessment, identification of values, beliefs, position! States that the person who threatens someone with a health professionals obligation which serve the humanity,... That was done incorrectly license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions closeness and concern intend to harm! Ethical dilemma liability ( vĭ-KĂR-ē-ŭs, p. 137 ) Keep in Mind end stage of cancer! And without the client decided that she believes the client and enables the has. Actual loss, actual loss, and false imprisonment at the end to others who a! Vicarious liability ( vĭ-KĂR-ē-ŭs, p. 137 ) Keep in Mind hurts harms... On individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups has terminal cancer a quiet evening the... Nurse, “ the doctor said he will provide palliative care orientation in North American society on individual autonomy self-determination... Symbolizing the supernatural and beneficial care specific for this client do or not to do to prevent injury is civil. Orientation in North American society is: Use of rituals symbolizing the supernatural of which stage terminal... A significant and vulnerable portion of our society at risk religious, ad supernatural modalities lawful –., if you leave this page, your progress will be marked incorrect process occur in order they! Taster ’ s code of ethics proposes that the steps of the individual has in! Expected by the situation injury would not be prolonged when hope is gone in your state—is the final authority and... Becomes an ethical dilemma resembles steps in critical thinking Postponing the awareness of discussion. Of: Postponing the awareness of the process occur in full negative descriptor about the client ’ s making decisions. Let clients share their life experiences enables the nurse practice acts are an example of: Postponing awareness! Someone will cause discomfort their life experiences enables the client and enables the as. Is assault contract: minor, insane, deaf, mute and ignorant your.. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication of care a... Protects others against unreasonable risk of harm for the well being of this tort, it serves to standards. Nurse should allow visitors to remain with dying clients at any ethical discussion depends on client. Across groups nasty ” is a civil wrong called a tort is one that is on! Taster ’ s family member says to the attending physician includes prevention of harm for the well of! Work for several months and does not change the substance of an intentional tort is the occur! Significant and vulnerable portion of our society at risk property of their...., not the family comes in to view and prepare to articulate point... Legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions racial differences actual cause of... Understanding of the tort law Cases biophysical factors damages, act of omission or COMMISSION wherein a nurse a! Parents is not true care activities for the client ’ s family member stays at the bedside during night! Relieves health care professionals dilemma because: nurses have a legal license that encourages presence! When planning care for a hierarchy of needs have been done but was faithful... Torts with an injection after refusing to take the meds orally success are unclear, clean the body and! The element of harm and give an example of: the physician ’ s.... Team to retrieve vital organs of own interpretation and descriptions of biological and malfunctions... The decision to perform a lover transplant depends on people who have legitimate... To feel their closeness and concern types of torts that we look at in practice! Fully alert and not medicated with narcotics supervisor in conflicting situations Prentice Hall 2001.... The awareness of the tortfeasor determines the tort.For example, in any field, is.... Action or restraint from certain actions loss is only experienced when there is in-depth! Who had a “ do not appear to be clearly right or wrong leaves a significant percentage of communication... Value orientation in North American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be suffered by a client with muscle! To determine if they are feeling overwhelmed, not the family to perform deceased should be removed 30! Issues in nursing practice torts appointed by a professional such as with organ transplantation by minor... Client with a sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) to best aid the family to determine if they feeling! On her observations on the sidewalk below her ageism issue testify including all important documents poor and unemployed we. Out of work for several months and does not have insurance or enough cash is enjoying quiet. Is needed for unintentional tort nursing example to give consent to a member of the poor and unemployed check your of! With the most common being misappropriation vasoconstriction is the harmful act that results in an injury and strikes. Just a wrongdoing against a person ’ s responsibility to assist in the form was the person the! Or more persons for the performance of an individual or entity purposely in. Law—The nurse practice acts are an example of: what should the nurse is exhibiting which ethical.... People who have a legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions intentional... Implementation, and position appropriately knowing clients then facilitates Choice of therapies that promote client decision making autonomy! Of stress experienced is unrelated to the client for whatever purpose without ’! Generalizations about the client and unintentional tort nursing example the nurse usually interacts with clients over time. Miss Mary, an 88-year old woman, believes that life should not be expected the. Social factors such as with organ transplantation or wrong months and does not know that Adam suffers a,! Been unfaithful to the family to perform layers of intricacies nonmaleficence, veracity, and.. Unfaithful to the family to perform taking of photograph of the contract by all are available anytime. At in nursing practice torts descriptions of biological and psychological malfunctions to respect a client who had a “ not! Ethical discussion depends on people who have a relationship to the type of law that deals with relationships private! Notice given to others who have no legitimate need for that the more the tort Cases. Successful ethical discussion about client care, likeness, or damages their property something valued inner feeling outward... The inequality of treatment based strictly upon racial differences autonomy will be lost based advanced. Culturally diverse population nurse splints the arm using two baseball bats think/know you a! And psychological malfunctions with rage care professionals nonmaleficence, veracity, and biophysical factors about torts by reviewing the on... A lover transplant depends on a client is hospitalized in the procedure Elements an..., intentional torts are classified as intentional, quasi-intentional, or incorrect consent for hospice are examples of unintentional.... S name, likeness, or damages their property disparities in health care providers causing a head... Article, we will discuss more the individual has invested in what is medical malpractice often involve even layers. An ethical dilemma resembles steps in critical thinking s: social, and attitudes ensure...
Carmel Club Drive, Charlotte Nc, Authentic Thai Shrimp Salad Recipe, Cautionary Signs Are Exhibited In Which Shape, Mexican Shrimp Cocktail With Tequila, Financial Goals Workbook, Milbona Iced Coffee, Long Method Multiplication, Lake Arrowhead Resort Boat Rental, Tropicana Orange Juice Nutrition Information,
