In 1960, the overall literacy rate was 25%, with a heavy slant in the literacy rate towards the Chinese population, 53%, compared with that of indigenous peoples which was substantially lower, only 17%. Welfare, Community Wellbeing, Women, Family and Childhood Development Minister Datuk Seri Fatimah Abdullah revealed that the research would be conducted by a team from Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak. KUCHING: A research is set to be undertaken to prepare for an ageing population in Sarawak by next year. [149][150] The Sarawak Biodiversity Centre was set up in 1997 for the conservation, protection, and sustainable development of biodiversity in the state. [288] Other minor religions in Sarawak are the Baháʼí Faith,[289] Hinduism,[290] Sikhism,[291] and animism. The Sarawak Chinese are predominantly Buddhists and Christians. [72] Since 2014 this position has been held by Abdul Taib Mahmud. The Bidayuh language, with six major dialects, is spoken by 10 per cent of the population. [111] At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 16 °C (61 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F) during the day and as low as 11 °C (52 °F) during the night. In the Iban language this name means "Upriver People," reflecting the location these tribes settled in;[112] most of them reside near the drainage basin of the Baram River. Population of Sarawak increased from 2,407.7 thousands in 2008 to 2,767.6 thousands in 2017 growing at an average annual rate of 1.56%. [157][158] Sarawak's mega-dam policies, such as the Bakun Dam and Murum Dam projects, have submerged thousands of hectares of forest and displaced thousands of indigenous people. [192] The non profit Sarawak Hospice Society was established in 1998 to promote this program. [273] Both woodworking and artistry are highly visible aspects of Orang Ulu culture exemplified by mural covered longhouses, carved wooden boats, and tattooing. As the political scene changed, it grew progressively more difficult for the communists to operate. Sarawak’s culture is truly colorful, with more than 40 tribes and sub-ethnic groups. (Source:Yearbook of Statistics,2005 ) [211] As of 2013, Sarawak had a total of 32,091 kilometres (19,940 mi) of connected roadways, with 18,003 kilometres (11,187 mi) being paved state routes, 8,313 kilometres (5,165 mi) of dirt tracks, 4,352 kilometres (2,704 mi) of gravel roads, and 1,424 kilometres (885 mi) of paved federal highway. The crude birth rate in 2004 was about 20,300, crude rate of natural increase is 16,200 and the crude death rate, 4,100. [28][29] By the early 19th century, the Bruneian Empire was in decline, retaining only a tenuous hold along the coastal regions of Sarawak which were otherwise controlled by semi-independent Malay leaders. [225] These become loftier to the north, and are highest near the source of the Baram River at the steep Mount Batu Lawi and Mount Mulu. Sarawak Population The Population and Housing Census is conducted once in every 10 years by Department of Statistics Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia has 16.2 million people while Sabah and Sarawak have 3.9 million people. The description is composed by our digital data assistant. [76] Local governments in Sarawak are exempt from local council laws enacted by the Malaysian parliament. In 1939 it stood at just below 500,000 and by 1947 it was only 546,385. [318][319] The state is also known for its Sarawak layer cake dessert. [163], Sources vary as to Sarawak's remaining forest cover: former chief minister Abdul Taib Mahmud declared that it fell from 70% to 48% between 2011 and 2012, the Sarawak Forest Department and the Ministry of Resource Planning and Environment both held that it remained at 80% in 2012,[164][165] and Wetlands International reported that it fell by 10% between 2005 and 2010, 3.5 times faster than the rest of Asia combined. [30], The discovery of antimony ore in the Kuching region led Pangeran Indera Mahkota, a representative of the Sultan of Brunei, to increase development in the territory between 1824 and 1830. [236], Around the time of Federation, overall literacy in Sarawak was quite low. Sarawak has a low-lying and heavily indented The non-Muslim indigenous communities are collectively called Dayaks – most of whom are Christians or practise animist beliefs – and they account for about 40 per cent of Sarawak’s inhabitants. The 1978 Majlis Islam Bill enabled the setting up of Syariah Courts in Sarawak with jurisdictions over matrimonial, child custody, betrothal, inheritance, and criminal cases in the state. State Secretary Sarawak State Secretary Office Level 20, Wisma Bapa Malaysia Petra Jaya, 93502 Kuching Tel: 082-441957 Fax: 082-441677 Email: 555999@sarawak.gov.my [170], As of 2017, Sarawak is producing 850,000 barrel of oil equivalent every day in 60 oil and gas producing fields. [81] This party would later become the backbone of the Sarawak BN coalition. Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religion are predominantly practised by Chinese Malaysians. Since they were unfamiliar with local customs, the Brooke government created an advisory Supreme Council, mostly consisting of Malay chiefs, to provide guidance. The Sarawak Gazette, published by the Brooke government, recorded a variety of news relating to economics, agriculture, anthropology, archaeology, began circulation in 1870 and continues in modern times. In 2017, population for Sarawak was 2,767.6 thousands. [193] A number of different organisations, both state and private, are involved in the promotion of tourism in Sarawak: the Sarawak Tourism Board is the state body responsible for tourism promotion in the state, various private tourism groups are united under the Sarawak Tourism Federation, and the Sarawak Convention Bureau is responsible for attracting conventions, conferences, and corporate events which are held in the Borneo Convention Centre in Kuching. Sarawak. [88], On 12 June 2018, the Sarawak Parties Alliance was formed by the BN parties in the state in the aftermath of an historic meeting of party leaders in Kuching, where they decided that in light of the BN defeat in the 2018 Malaysian general election and the changing national situation and a new government, the parties will leave the BN altogether. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. [112] This migration was driven by the employment opportunities at gold mines in Bau. [210] As of 2014[update], 82% of the rural areas have a fresh water supply. [267], During the Brooke era, Sarawak Malays were predominantly fishermen,[266] leading to their villages being concentrated along river banks. ... the government controls virtually all newspapers in Sarawak (page 76), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia, Territorial disputes in the South China Sea, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Demographics of Sarawak § Religions of Sarawak, 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, "Profil Negeri Sarawak (Sarawak state profile)", "State statistics: Malays edge past Chinese in Sarawak", "Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sarawak – Malaysia]", "Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates", "Niah National Park – Early Human settlements", "Book review of "The Name of Brooke – The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak" by R.H.W. Our Insights blog presents deep data-driven analysis and visual content on important global issues from the expert data team at Knoema. [258] However, this population of legally registered workers is overshadowed by a large population of between 320,000 and 350,000 illegal workers. The third region is the mountainous region along the Sarawak–Kalimantan border, where a number of villages such as Bario, Ba'kelalan, and Usun Apau Plieran are located. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak. They account for 8.4 per cent of the population of Sarawak and are the second most numerous of the indigenous Dayak people, after the Iban. The Japanese otherwise preserved the Brooke administrative structure and appointed the Japanese to important government positions. [30][note 4] Another group, the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP) (also known as Clandestine Communist Organisation (CCO) by government sources) was formally set up in 1970. [219], Sarawak has four primary ports located at Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, and Miri. Sarawak Government Official Portal is a single gateway to access the Sarawak State Government information and the online services provided by the Sarawak State Government. This makes Bintulu as one of the most loosely populated division in Sarawak with only 14 people per kilometre. [34] In Sarawak, Saban people resides in Long Banga, Baram, Long Puak and Long Peluan, where these are their main residence in Sarawak. At Sarawak they are the minority, with total population less than 2000. Sibu port, located 113 kilometres (70 mi) from the river's mouth, is the main hub along the Rajang River mainly handling timber products. Quick data summaries and visualizations on trending industry, political, and socioeconomic topics from Knoema’s database. [254], The registration for, and issuing of, National identity cards, a legally required document for accessing various services, to these remote tribes has been problematic for many years,[255] and in the past had even resulted in a large number of people from the Penan ethnic group being rendered effectively stateless. [114] Sarawak is separated from Kalimantan Borneo by ranges of high hills and mountains that are part of the central mountain range of Borneo. Sarawak and the Colors of Culture. KOTA PADAWAN: No single race dominates the population of Sarawak and thus, no single race can rule the state, says Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi Abang Johari Tun Openg (pix). [233], Education in Malaysia falls under the remit of two federal ministries; the Malaysian Ministry of Education is responsible for primary and secondary education,[234] while the Ministry of Higher Education has oversight over public universities, polytechnic and community colleges. It comprises the northwestern part of the island of Borneo and is bounded by the sultanate of Brunei and Sabah (Malaysia) on the north and by Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan) on the east and south. [37] In 1928, a Judicial Commissioner, Thomas Stirling Boyd, was appointed as the first legally trained judge. The icon links to further information about a selected division including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, nationality, ethnic group). Activate Professional to get unlimited access to more than 3.7b time series and visualizations. The northeast monsoon occurs between November and February, bringing heavy rainfall while the southwest monsoon, which occurs between March and October, brings somewhat less rainfall. Flights from Kuching are mainly to Kuala Lumpur but also to Johor Bahru, Penang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapore and Pontianak, Indonesia. [79][note 8] This new status given to the Malay language was further reinforced by new education standards transitioning curriculum to Malay. You can change your personal cookie settings through your internet browser settings. [287] Indigenous people such as the Iban, Bidayuh, and Orang Ulu have adopted Christianity although they do retain some of their traditional religious rites. Sarawak had a population of 2.07 million. In comparison, mobile telecommunication uptake in Sarawak was comparable to the national average, 93.3% against a national average of 94.2%, and on par with neighbouring Sabah. Sarawak is one of the states in the Federation of Malaysia. However, this case has served as a precedent, leading to more NCR being upheld by the high court in the following years. INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Sarawak Forestry Corporation – About Us – FAQ", "About Sarawak Biodiversity Centre – Profile", "Malaysian palm oil destroying forests, report warns", "Sarawak, Malaysia Infringement of the Rights of Indigenous People by Continuous Illegal Logging Practices", "Rumah Nor: A Land Rights Case for Malaysia", "Earth Island News – Borneo Project – Indigenous victory overturned", "Power, profit, and pollution: dams and the uncertain future of Sarawak", "Battle Against Illegal Logging in Sarawak Begins", "Sarawak establishes 2.2M acres of protected areas, may add 1.1M more", "Types and Categories of Sarawak's Forests", "Impact of oil palm plantations on peatland conversion in Sarawak 2005-2010", "Economic development in Sarawak, Malaysia. Generally, the leader of the party that commands the majority of the state Legislative Assembly is appointed as the chief minister; democratically elected representatives are known as state assemblymen. Sarawak (/səˈrɑːwɒk/; Malay: [saˈrawaʔ]) is a state of Malaysia. Other plants includes 1,000 species of orchids, 757 species of ferns, and 260 species of palm. This council is the oldest state legislative assembly in Malaysia, with the first General Council meeting taking place at Bintulu in 1867. of Statistic, Malaysia, 1996). A year later, he formulated the "Sarawak Law" which foreshadowed the formulation of his (and Darwin's) theory of evolution by natural selection three years later. Population increase and ethnic composition. [106] James Shoal (Betting Serupai) and the Luconia Shoals (Betting Raja Jarum/Patinggi Ali), islands in the South China Sea, fall within Sarawak's exclusive economic zone, but concerns have been raised about Chinese incursions. I have been to many longhouses all over Sarawak. However, Sarawak didn't have its own true TV station until 10 October 2020, when it launched TV Sarawak, thus becoming the first region in Malaysia to own its TV station and marking the comeback to the broadcasting world 15 years after. With Sarawak now unguarded, the Brooke regime adopted a scorched earth policy where oil installations in Miri were to be destroyed and the Kuching airfield held as long as possible before being destroyed. The Bidayuh are indigenous to the areas that comprise the modern day divisions of Kuching and Samarahan. The Iban language, which has minor regional variations, is the most widely spoken native language, with 34 per cent of the Sarawak population speaking it as a first language. [170] The state receives a 5% royalty from Petronas over oil explorations in its territorial waters. The Iban tribal culture in Sarawak centred on the concept of the warrior and the ability to take heads from other tribes in battle. [275][note 13], It was a number of decades before print media began to appear in Sarawak. After ten weeks of fighting there, the Allied forces surrendered on 1 April 1942. The major trees found in estuary forests include bako and nibong, while those in the peat swamp forests include ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), meranti (Shorea), and medang jongkong (Dactylocladus stenostachys). but still live in villages consisting of longhouses, with the addition of the distinctive round baruk where communal gatherings were held. The capital city, Kuching, is the largest city in Sarawak, the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sarawak state government. Sarawak ist der flächenmäßig größte Bundesstaat Malaysias. [213] 16 billion ringgit worth of contracts were awarded to a number of local companies in December 2016 to add new vehicle and pedestrian bridges, interchanges and bus shelters to the highway as part of a multi-phase project. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Sarawak also has some of the lowest population growth in Malaysia. [71] 1973 saw the birth of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB) following a merger of several parties. However, the federation was opposed by Indonesia leading to a three-year confrontation. [135] Matang Wildlife Centre, Semenggoh Nature Reserve, and Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary[136] are noted for their orangutan protection programmes. [143] Bako National Park, the oldest national park in Sarawak, is known for its 275 proboscis monkeys,[144] and Padawan Pitcher Garden for its various carnivorous pitcher plants. The population development of Kuching as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). This practice, central as it was to the Iban people, was made illegal under James Brooke's rule and ultimately faded away although reminders of the practice are still seen in some long houses. Es liegt im Nordwesten der Insel Borneo und grenzt an das Sultanat Brunei, an Indonesien sowie an den benachbarten Bundesstaat Sabah, mit dem zusammen es den östlichen Teil von Malaysia bildet. [214], A railway line existed before the war, but the last remnants of the line were dismantled in 1959. Miri has the lowest average temperatures in comparison to other major towns in Sarawak and has the longest daylight hours (more than six hours a day), while other areas receive sunshine for five to six hours a day. The government, tending to oversimplify the situation in Sarawak and Sabah, officially recognizes only some of the dozens of ethnolinguistic groups in those two states. Sarawak currently records a strong financial performance with an income surplus for several years in a row, which resulted in RM22.0 billion of state reserves at the end of 2013. International rating agency, Moody’s Investors Service upgraded Sarawak state’s issuer rating in March 2012 to “A3 / Stable Outlook” and Standard & Poor maintains its “A- / Stable Outlook “ rating on Sarawak. In 1841, Sarawak had an indigenous population of about 8,000. Most of the population now lives in larger towns and cities, but there are still a significant number living in the traditional long houses in remote areas. The Alliance Party (later regrouped into Barisan Nasional) has ruled Sarawak since the formation of Malaysia. British Sarawak Crown 1946–1963, Foragers are known to have lived around the west mouth of the Niah Caves (located 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Miri) 40,000 years ago. [121] Hilly terrain accounts for much of the inhabited land and is where most of the cities and towns are found. The Dayaks were the largest indigenous group in the interior: comprising Iban, Bidayuh and other interior tribes such as the Kayan, Kelabit, Kenyah, Lun Bawang and Penan, while coastal areas were dominated by the Sarawak local Malays, Melanau, Bruneian and Kedayan. [207] Mobile telecommunication infrastructure, specifically broadcast towers, are built and managed by Sacofa Sdn Bhd (Sacofa Private Limited), which enjoys a monopoly in Sarawak after the company was granted a 20-year exclusivity deal on the provision, maintenance and leasing of towers in the state. Popular attractions are the numerous national parks, the indigenous tribes, Kuching and Semenggoh. The primary route in Sarawak is the Pan Borneo Highway, which runs from Sematan, Sarawak, through Brunei to Tawau, Sabah. Pattern and Trends of the Iban, Chinese and Malay Population of Sarawak, 1947-2010 . [208], A number of different bodies manage the supply of water depending on their region of responsibility, including the Kuching Water Board (KWB), Sibu Water Board (SWB), and LAKU Management Sdn Bhd, which handle water supply in Miri, Bintulu, and Limbang respectively,[209] and the Rural Water Supply Department managing the water supply for the remaining areas. [251], Urban populations consist predominantly of Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, and a small population of urban Ibans and Bidayuhs who migrated from their home villages seeking employment. Sarawak (Jawi: سراوق, Aussprache: [saˈrawaʔ]) ist ein Bundesstaat von Malaysia. To the north, the Baram, Limbang and Trusan Rivers drain into the Brunei Bay. [38][note 2] He was only allowed to return 17 years later after Sarawak had become part of Malaysia. [306][307] The Sarawak State Museum houses a collection of artefacts such as pottery, textiles, and woodcarving tools from various ethnic tribes in Sarawak, as well as ethnographic materials of local cultures. Other major political parties such as Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA) appeared by 1962. Negri is empowered to make provisions for regulating Islamic affairs... (page 86), Pandian, 2014. it became the primary means of passing culture, history, and valued traditions. [112], English was the official language of Sarawak from 1963 to 1974 due to opposition from First Chief Minister of Sarawak Stephen Kalong Ningkan to the use of the Malaysian language in Sarawak. Knoema is the most comprehensive source of global decision-making data in the world. Other smaller airports such as Sibu Airport, Bintulu Airport, Mukah Airport, Marudi Airport, Mulu Airport, and Limbang Airport provide domestic services within Malaysia. In 1839, James Brooke, a British explorer, arrived in Sarawak. [112], Sarawak has a tropical geography with an equatorial climate and experiences two monsoon seasons: a northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. [42] Since the formation of Malaysia, the Malaysian federal government has been solely responsible for foreign policy and military forces in the country. At the foot of Mount Santubong, Kuching, is Sarawak Cultural Village, a "living museum" that showcases the various ethnic groups carrying out traditional activities in their respective traditional houses. This election marked the beginning of ethnic Melanau domination in Sarawak politics by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub and Abdul Taib Mahmud. [250] As of 2011[update], the crude birth rate in Sarawak was 16.3 per 1000 individuals, the crude death rate was 4.3 per 1000 population, and the infant mortality rate was 6.5 per 1000 live births. [232] However, since 2004, there has been a resurgence in traditional medicine in Malaysia resulting in the establishment of a traditional medicine division within the Ministry of Health. The population development of Kuching as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Borneo, like New Guinea, has long had two very different populations: lowly populated, highly tribalized groups in the inaccessible interior and relatively dense agricultural populations along the coast and the lower floodplains of major rivers. [322][323] Sarawak hosted the Malaysian SUKMA Games in 1990 and 2016,[324] and was overall champion in the 1990, 1992, and 1994 SUKMA games. Pattern and Trends of the Iban, Chinese and Malay Population of Sarawak, 1947-2010 . State Secretary Sarawak State Secretary Office Level 20, Wisma Bapa Malaysia Petra Jaya, 93502 Kuching Tel: 082-441957 Fax: 082-441677 Email: 555999@sarawak.gov.my World and regional statistics, national data, maps and rankings, Discover new signals and insights from leading alternative and fundamental data providers, Latest releases of new datasets and data updates from different sources around the world. The rocks enriched in organic components are mudstones in Lambir, Miri and Tukau Formations of Middle Miocene-Lower Pliocene age. [159][160] Since 2013, the proposed Baram Dam project has been delayed due to ongoing protests from local indigenous tribes. Sarawak: Population by Ethnic Group (2) XLS. [113] In 1961, Sarawak including neighbouring Sabah, which had been included in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the participation of the United Kingdom, became joint associate members of the IMO. Sarawak had a population of 2.07 million. This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 00:54. [212] Despite being a major highway, the condition of the road is poor leading to numerous accidents and fatalities. But even among the Bidayuh, there are six major dialects and their speakers may not understand one another. Search. The state assembly passes laws on subjects that are not under the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Malaysia such as land administration, employment, forests, immigration, merchant shipping and fisheries. Brooke's success in quelling the revolt was rewarded with antimony, property and the governorship of Sarawak, which at that time consisted only of a small area centred on Kuching. [85], Since the 2006 state election, the Democractic Action Party (DAP) has derived the majority of its support from urban centres and became the largest opposition party in Sarawak. [107][108][109] There are also several Sarawak–Kalimantan border issues with Indonesia. Specific terms were used to refer to those who belonged to particular social strata, such as the raja berani (rich and the brave), orang mayuh (ordinary people), and ulun (slaves). Those who settled in Kuching did so near the Sarawak River in an area that is now referred to as Chinatown. Okay to continue It lies in East Malaysia and shares the island of Borneo with the eastern state of Sabah, the separate country of Brunei and the Indonesian provinces of Kalimantan. Due to the large area of Sarawak, it has the lowest population density in Malaysia, which stands at 22 person per square kilometre. [20][21][22][23] Chinese ceramics dating to the Tang and Song dynasties (8th to 13th century AD, respectively) found at Santubong (near Kuching) hint at its significance as a seaport. A similar system relating to matters concerning various Chinese communities was also formed. Sarawak is divided into administrative divisions and districts, governed by a system that is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and was the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. [205] However, this had increased to 91% by 2014. [38] Expanding trade led to the formation of the Borneo Company Limited in 1856. The coastal regions of Sarawak came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 16th century. [111], There are thirty national parks,[123] among which are Niah with its eponymous caves,[124] the highly developed ecosystem around Lambir Hills,[125] and the World Heritage Site of Gunung Mulu. Reece, Sarawak Literary Society, 1993", "A look at the civil administration of Sarawak", "Thrill is gone, state museum stuck in time — Public", "SARAWAK HL Deb 15 November 1956 vol 200 cc328-68", "Prelude to invasion: covert operations before the re-occupation of Northwest Borneo, 1944–45", "Surrender to Major-General Wootten at Labuan", "Celebrating Batu Lintang Camp liberation day on Sept 11", "British Military Administration (August 1945 – April 1946)", "Sarawak as a British Crown Colony (1946–1963)", "Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963", "Chapter Six: Borneo Territories and Brunei", "Trust and Non-self governing territories", "Brunei Revolt breaks out – 8 December 1962", United Nations Treaty Registered No. [280][281][282], Although the official form of Malay, Bahasa Malaysia, is spoken by the government administration, it is used infrequently in colloquial conversation. 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